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Socialization of education in Vietnam-Current issues to be resolved (Part 2 and end)

10/11/17
Recommendations to improve the socialization of education in Vietnam
First, renew awareness and clarify the content of educational socialization.


Socialization of education is a long-term correct strategy of the Party and State in the development of education in Vietnam. Consequently, it is necessary to have a correct awareness of socialization of education. This is the basis for effective mobilization of resources and participation of the whole society in the process.

Socialization must be understood as the process of transferring education content and tasks which the State does not necessarily have to perform for people to non-state organizations to implement on the basis of observing regulations and standards required by the State to mobilize resources to jointly achieve the goal of improving the quality of education, ensuring the right to education and education of people to build a learning society.
Socialization of education does not mean to transfer of the State’s function as the education provider to other organizations or individuals, but rather to include other stakeholders in the provision of education and expand beneficiaries of education. Socialization of education does not mean the State loses its leading role in the cause of education development. Despite the engagement of different stakeholders, the State is always accountable for the ultimate political and legal responsibility in providing educational services to people and society.
Thus, socialization of education includes the following basic contents: renovating the mechanism of education activities in the spirit of democratization; diversify investment resources for education development from the state budget, investors, businesses and social organizations at home and abroad; diversify types of schools and training forms; mobilize social forces to participate in all activities of education; institutionalize rights, obligations and responsibilities of stakeholders participating in education development under the State management.
Second, socialization of education should be carried out in both scope and scale to improve human resource quality, meeting the needs of national and international development.
On the one hand, it is necessary to step up mobilization of resources from all stakeholders involved in education. For the construction of educational and training establishments, the State shall continue to create conditions for organizations and individuals to expand their capacity if such establishments meet all conditions regulated by the State. Information on educational and training institutions that have been and will be operating must be made public to enhance social oversight and response to ensure the management and quality of education. In addition, institutions that violate state regulations, being either public or non-public, must be sanctioned; education and training institutions which do not meet required conditions and violate the regulations of the State must be closed down.
On the other hand, it is necessary to continue diversifying public, and non-public types of schools, focusing on secondary and vocational levels; higher education will only expand in those provinces which are in need of training local human resources while restricting opening more higher education institutions in major cities. For newly established educational institutions, besides meeting State standards and norms, institutions at each level must implement their corresponding tasks to achieve the objectives of modern education. For general education, it is necessary to ensure comprehensive education and clear education orientation. For vocational training and higher education, it is necessary to build and improve the quality of multi-disciplinary education institutions in localities to turn out local human resources to meet development requirements of localities, contributing to building a learning society. In addition, it is necessary to build key and spearhead universities at national or regional levels in order to train high-quality human resources and talents, especially for key sectors of science and technology. Accordingly, the current mode of recruitment and training should be renewed. At the same time, adequate investment must be made to infrastructure, equipment, and facilities that meet the requirements of modern education.
Besides, education and training should be closely linked to the development of society, especially the demand for human resources. The State needs to have a strategy for developing human resources, accurately forecasting the demand for specific human resources for each period, each sector, each region and each locality. Accordingly, educational institutions develop and implement training plans in line with national and international requirements. Or more specifically, training will be made in order from the State or localities to turn out high-quality human resources for industries and sectors that are being developed.
Education institutions and businesses establish close relationships, building binding mechanism for mutually benefit. They can carry out joint training by sending a number of staff and lecturers to work in enterprises every year and vice versa sending skilled, qualified and experienced staff from businesses to provide guidance to students’ practice. Businesses need to take initiative to look for human resources for the present and future by approaching educational institutions. If necessary, businesses can make an investment, for several years together with training institutions, in new disciplines and accept higher training costs in order to obtain high-quality human resources for their own businesses. 
Thus, by strengthening close relationship the State, localities, businesses, and education institutions solve the shortage, redundancy and low quality of human resources which cannot meet the demands of society.
Third, renovate training content and methods to raise qualification, quality, and capabilities of teachers and educational administrators. 
Socialization of education must be done in tandem with fundamental and comprehensive reform of education and training. In addition to attracting investment resources, diversifying types of schools and training, it is necessary to renovate educational content, programs, and methods. However, the effective renewal of content, programs, and teaching methods depends on the quality and capacity of teachers and educational administrators.
The renewal of educational content, programs and methods should be closely linked to the training and retraining of teachers and educational administrators. Only when the new implementers identify and understand clearly the requirements, goals, and contents of each level, grade and discipline can they effectively implement them. Documents of the 12th Party Congress stated: " Develop the contingent of teachers and educational administrators in order to meet the requirements of education and training reform. Standardize the contingent of teachers according to each education and training level." (3) For teachers, a new capability framework should be developed in line with human comprehensive education in the era of industrialization and modernization and the trend of globalization. For education managers, apart from specialization, they need to have deep knowledge about human and social values and cultural values of the new age. It is necessary to clearly distinguish between the training of state management officials in charge of education and professional managers.
Next, there should be mechanisms and policies to improve teachers’ professional qualifications-the key factors decisive to the quality of education and training. In order to have ethical and talented teachers, it is necessary to regularly train and standardize teachers at all grades and levels; effectively combine teaching with scientific research in order to raise teachers’ professional qualifications and skills; implement decent salary policy for teachers to live on their profession, and dedicate to improving the quality of teaching; offer worthy incentives to attract qualified scientists and trainers at home and abroad to carry out research and teach at universities, especially pedagogical universities as well as attract good students to pedagogy discipline.
Fourth, renovate and strengthen the State management as well as the supervision and supervision of the community. 
Strengthen the formulation and improvement of specific and consistent mechanisms and policies to effectively implement socialization of education. The State must have specific and transparent regulations on issues, such as mechanisms and policies to facilitate equality between public and non-public educational institutions; protect ownership of organizations and individuals when they contribute investment capital, and protect the freedom to choose investment forms, and operating mechanisms (profit, non-profit). Complete mechanisms and policies to promote education and encourage talents. Formulate suitable mechanism of wage, and social insurance for laborers to ensure equality between public and non-public educational establishments. On the other hand, the State should issue regulations on social criticism in order to create conditions and promote the role of supervision, consultation, evaluation of society in the field of education. 
Renovate implementation methods in line with the requirements of socialization of education, such as: on management, strengthen unified management of public and non-public educational institutions; clearly assign and decentralize the specific tasks to each level and branch; set up a steering committee for the implementation of the policy on socialization of education at all levels for concentrated instruction and operation and intensify intersectoral coordination in the organization of implementation; clearly define responsibilities, objectives, contents and forms of management of education establishments; enhance the supervision of the Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, social organizations and individuals over investment and projects in education. Regarding planning, the State needs to review, supplement and complete the planning of the education sector and the network of educational establishments from pre-school to post-graduate levels in each area in a rational manner. Continue to promoting socialization of public service delivery units capable of self-financing by assigning autonomy and self-responsibility for them to carry out their tasks, finance, personnel and encourage the establishment of public service delivery units in the education and training sector. On the other hand, for educational projects, the State needs to publicize planning of educational sector, network, land fund, the portfolio of investment projects to attract resources. Regarding inspection and supervision, the State continues to perfect the system of education quality accreditation, intensify periodical inspection, and supervision of training programs and quality of educational establishments; publicize periodical inspection reports. Standardize quality assurance and management of the training process, attach importance to output quality; and build independent accreditation system. Implement the mechanism to encourage learners to evaluate educational process; teachers participate in staff assessment; educational and training establishments evaluate the State management agencies in charge of education.
Fifth, increase mobilization and effective use of investment in education.
In recent years, along with the policy of socialization of education, the State budget for education has increased significantly. However, per capita, education and training investment is still low compared to other countries in the world. It is, therefore, necessary to spend a larger share of the State budget to education to create radical change in education scale and quality. With 20% of the state budget allocated to education, the State needs to invest in a number of levels and key institutions in the national education system. Priority should be given to pre-school and secondary education in order to achieve universalization of pre-school education for 5-year-old children, improve the quality of universal education in subsequent years and reduce tuition fees for general education before 2020.
At the same time, mobilize contributions of socioeconomic organizations, and effectively use trained human resources. Encourage linkage between public education establishment with reputable private educational institutions at home and abroad. Adopt policies to encourage healthy competition in education and training.


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