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Communist and Workers’ Parties in the world: international relations, role and position in current political and social life (Part 2 and end)

12/2/18
Position and role of communist and workers’ parties in socio-political life 
In socialist countries at present, ruling communist parties have constantly striven to strengthen party building, enhance the ruling capacity and governance, and expand their prestige in the international arena through achievements in national construction. 
In the wake of "political turmoil" in the Soviet Union and the collapse of socialist states in Eastern Europe, communist and worker’s parties have gradually restored their right for open, and legal status and regained their prestige, and influence in society and politics. Many parties have run for parliamentary, presidential and local elections and won the support of voters, set up caucuses in the parliaments, and become important political force in political arena with representation in their countries’ power structures. 
In the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the Communist Party of Moldova (PKRM) was the first communist party to return to power through constitutional democracy after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the only communist party that once gained the majority in the Government of Moldova. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation has maintained its second place in Russian elections. The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia in the Czech Republic joined the ruling coalition in 2001-2009 and has still maintained its involvement as a political party with significant influence in the Czech Republic. 
The Japanese Communist Party is the second-largest opposition party in Japan with 21 seats in the House of Representative, 14 in the House of Councilors and 2,811 in local councils. The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) has long held a key role in the political life after the establishment of a democratic society in Nepal. 
Many other parties have also consolidated their positions in the power structure of their countries. Though a small party of about 6,000 members, the Communist Party of Belarus (KPB) won 8 out of 10 seats in the Parliament after the elections to the House of Representatives, 6th Legislature in September 2016, 2 seats higher than the previous elections. The Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan was the largest political force in that country in 2001-2005 and joined the Parliament until 2010. The Communist Party of Tajikistan was represented in the Parliament in the 2000-2005 and 2010-2015 terms. The Portuguese Communist Party is currently the fourth largest party in Portugal’s Parliament. 
Some parties have achieved positive turnout in local government elections. The Communist Party of Russia currently has more than 100 seats in local government bodies, including two provincial legislation bodies. The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia in the Czech Republic won 20.4% of the vote (compared to 11.27% in 2010) in the local elections in October 2012, topped 2 out of the 14 localities and gained another 68 seats in localities. In India, the Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI-M) have played a pivotal role in the Left Front-led governments of the three states of West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura. 
On a regional scale, in the 2014 European Parliament elections, some communist and workers’ parties and left-wing parties won 52 out of 372 seats and formed a leftist parliamentarian group. 
The commonality of these groups is to pursue a peaceful, balanced, rational and flexible domestic policy. They have received the attention and support of the masses as they have involved directly to settle their countries' important socio-economic issues, winning confidence of an important part of the voters. 
However, for most political parties, their representation in parliaments remains low. Their time in power is neither stable, nor lasting; some party failed to maintain their leadership or representation in the power structure of their countries. The Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, once a big political party having seats in parliament, did not gain enough votes for a seat. At the same time, while the communist force is weak, the fact that several communist parties run for elections in a country has divided the votes, resulting in lower proportions of votes for a party, like the case of Russia. The objective cause is that the communist and workers’ parties are subject to competition, fierce attacks from other parties and the impact of unfavorable adjustments in the election regulations of governments. In addition, subjective reasons is lack management and governance experiences, especially in solving important socio-economic issues and personnel resource management for administration structure. Consideration of force to join and force-gathering options may also be the reasons for declining turnout. After ending support for the coalition government led by the Indian Congress Party, the parliament seats of the CPI and the CPI-M have fallen dramatically. Most of the other parties have a low-impact role in both social and political life. Although communist parties and organizations in most Central Asian countries, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, have been restored, their real power is small in both number and political influence. They have received low support from the mass due to their inappropriate policy to attract voters and to care for the interests of laborers and low prestige among the people. 
In general, after upheavals and declination, many communist and workers’ parties have begun to restore their role and position in their countries’ political and social life, demonstrated by their encouraging and important results at national and local elections. However, power development and consolidation of the majority of the parties are not stable, depending largely on the political situation of their countries as well as their lines, leading capacity and settlement of socio-economic issues. 
Looking back at the situation of communist and workers’ parties in the world in recent years, positive progress has been made in the development and expansion of international relations. At the same time, many parties have striven to gain significant role and position in socio-political life. However, there remain big challenges for these parties in particular and for the international communist and workers’ movement in general. To overcome limitations and challenges, win and maintain their voice on political issues, each communist and workers’ party has to constantly exert efforts, renew themselves, sharpen theory, gain practical experiences and knowledge in management and governance to meet new requirements and demands of the situation. 
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